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The Royal Procession in London
When the French King, John II, arrived in England as a prisoner, he was paraded through the streets of London. This procession was carefully...
The Black Prince Serves the French King
One of the most famous and often-told stories from English history is how the Black Prince treated the captured French King after the Battle...
The Death of Sir John Chandos
Sir John Chandos, one of the most noble and courageous knights of the 14th century, suffered a fatal wound in battle, inflicted by a...
Edward’s Strategic Approach
Edward III’s conduct during the siege demonstrates both military skill and careful planning. When he first attempted to take Calais by force, he found...
Doubts About Edward III’s Intentions
It has been questioned whether Edward III actually intended to have the citizens of Calais executed. The story comes mainly from the chronicles of...
Criticism Edward III
Some historians criticize Edward III for refusing to leave his entrenchments at Calais to fight Philip in a traditional battle, such as a personal...
Medieval Chronicles and Their Limits
A very large number of chronicles were written during the Middle Ages. Most of them were created in monasteries by monks who spent long...
The Rise of Representation
Those who have the power to give money, or to refuse it, will sooner or later begin to ask an important question: why are...
Rise of Municipal Freedom
In early European history, many towns and cities began to gain a degree of independence. Although the people still accepted the authority of their...
Sources and Eyewitness Information
Some of the information presented here comes from the Reverend H. O. Dwight, LL.D., who knew the quarter of Yeni Kapou well in the...














